High latitude meteoric δ¹⁸O compositions from the Cenomanian Bastion Ridge Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago: A palaeoclimate proxy from the Sverdrup Basin

Stable isotope analyses of a siderite-cemented siltstone from the Cenomanian Bastion Ridge Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada, produce a range of δ¹⁸O values of -21.9 to -17 18.4‰ VPDB, and δ¹³C values ranging from 2.0 to 4.4‰ VPDB. A meteoric siderite line of -18.95 ± 0.33‰ VPDB is calculated from siderite cements of the authigenic component. At estimated palaeolatitude of 68-72° N and palaeotemperature range from 12.6 to 13.7°C, the calculated δ¹⁸O range of palaeoprecipitation is -23.3 to -23.0‰ VSMOW. This result is compatible with other published meteoric water δ¹⁸O datasets from Cretaceous Arctic studies, but are near the lower end of this range of estimated δ¹⁸O values. The modern δ¹⁸O empirical relationship of Dansgaard and Earth System models simulating meteoric δ¹⁸O values do not yield results for palaeopolar regions that match proxy δ¹⁸O datasets. Orographic effects of contemporaneous mountain belts, and seasonal biases in groundwater recharge have been proposed to explain this paradox regarding depleted meteoric water δ¹⁸O values from proxy data in greenhouse worlds. Evidence for local to regional orographic effects and alpine snowmelt biasing groundwater recharge is lacking for the Sverdrup Basin deposits, further indicating that the Dansgaard relationship does not apply to ancient greenhouse worlds.