Fig. A4. Mechanical constraints on kink band and thrust development in the Appalachian Plateau, USA

(a) Set-up with tilted multilayer surrounded by an inviscid fluid above and below; (b) thrusting and (c) kink band mode of failure, with red arrows indicating virtual velocities. (d) Close-up of a single layer of the kink band. The green and blue regions represent regions of opening and compression/compaction along the kink planes. The red circles mark the transition from compaction to opening. The black arrows along the bedding planes indicate bedding-parallel slip, which is activated during the kink band development due to the rotation of the lithons.